The following are the advantages of paperless shares and disadvantages of paper share certificates:
Maintenance: Maintaining paper share certificates is extremely cumbersome and expensive for the company as well as the shareholder. The company has to mass print share certificates, which is expensive and time-consuming. It also has to issue them via post. It looks that it may not be expensive, but when there are thousands of shareholders. Even if only $1 is required to post, the budget goes in thousands of dollars because of the sheer number of physical shares. It is also expensive and inconvenient to retain shares for the shareholder. The shareholder needs to keep the physical shares properly. They are subject to wear and tear, water damage, subject theft, liable to be misplaced, etc. It is also difficult to track and manage the shares for both the shareholder as well as the company.
Difficulty in auditing: When the shares are digital, it is easy to track and find an audit trail. However, this is difficult for physical shares.
Convenient to transfer: The physical shares were difficult to transfer. It was a cumbersome process. An application was needed to be made to the company for making the transfer. The company would take months to issue the new share certificate and cancel the old one. In the digital era, this is done instantly.
Tax: Physical share certificates were subject to tax on the transfer, while digital shares subject to the security transaction tax.
Fraud: Physical shares were subject to tampering, that is, change of data on the certificate. The name, date, number of shares, class of shares, etc., would be changed by ink or otherwise. This is very difficult for digital shares.
Physical Share Certificates
A physical share certificate is a tangible document that contains the name of the shareholder and is signed on behalf of a corporation. It also contains the number of shares that the person holds. A share certificate is also called a ‘stock certificate. These certificates were issued by the company to the shareholder. These certificates acted as receipts of purchase the shares of the company. In case a person lost or damaged the share certificate, then the person had to apply to the company for a replacement of the damaged or lost share certificate.
Some of the information given in the share certificate are given below:
Number of the certificate
Name of the company
Registration number of the company
Count of shares owned by the shareholder
The class of shares (Equity, preferential, etc.)
The date of issue of the certificates
The total amount paid by the shareholder to obtain the shares.
A copy of the share certificate was required to receive payment from the company.
Electronic or Digital Shares
Electronic share is the replacement of the physical share certificate. The data of the same are maintained on an electronic stock ledger. The properties and features of an electronic share are similar to that of a physical share; the only difference is that it is electronic.
Presently, only electronic shares are prevalent. Physical shares are obsolete. Electronic shares are also called ‘uncertified shares.’ These shares are tracked and manifested in the books of the company. A ‘book entry’ is made every time a share is transferred to the stock exchange. It is all automated and computerized. When a person sells shares on the stock market, the list in the book is automatically updated without any human interference. The buyer of the share in the stock market is automatically updated in the list as an owner of the shares. From that point on, the buyer gets all the benefits conferred upon an owner of the shares, like dividends, invites for annual general meetings, etc.
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